What Are Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)?
Advancing Knowledge. Improving Lives.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are among the most common yet frequently underdiagnosed conditions affecting the jaw and surrounding structures. These disorders can significantly impact essential daily activities such as eating, speaking, sleeping, working, and overall quality of life.
The Global Institute for TMD and Orofacial Health is dedicated to improving the understanding, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of temporomandibular disorders through research, education, innovation, and humanitarian care.
Understanding TMD
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), the jaw muscles, and surrounding tissues that work together to enable speaking, chewing, swallowing, and facial movement.
TMD may involve the temporomandibular joints, the muscles of mastication, ligaments, articular discs, nerves, or a combination of these structures. Symptoms range from mild discomfort to chronic pain and functional limitations.
Who Can Be Affected?
TMD can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.
Risk may increase with factors such as:
- Jaw injury or trauma
- Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism)
- Psychological stress and anxiety
- Arthritis
- Connective tissue disorders
- Sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea
- Poor posture
- Chronic pain conditions